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对地观测 4

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Synchronous observation of rising soluble bubble through quiescent solution

Yifu ZHANG , Shuai TIAN , Weizhong LI , Yongchen SONG ,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 307-312 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0028-7

摘要： An experimental method using computer image processing technology (CIPT) was proposed to observe and investigate the velocity, deformation, heat and mass transfer, etc. of a rising soluble gas (CO) bubble through a quiescent hot water. A model was set up to describe the behavior of the bubble in a visual experimental system in which a high-speed camera rose instantaneously with the movement of the bubble. A series of trajectory videos about the bubble were recorded by a computer linked to the camera. The trajectory, volume changes and rate of mass transfer of the bubble were obtained by the CIPT. It is found that the single bubble follows a rolling trajectory at the initial stage when there is mass transfer. With the volume decreasing, the disturbed behavior of the bubble becomes tempered. When the rising velocity of the bubble reaches the maximum, the velocity is nearly at a constant. The experimental and analysis results show that this method is useful for the research on the mass transfer and the movement of rising bubbles in liquid.

关键词： soluble bubble mass transfer synchronous observation computer image processing

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海洋科学装备研究进展与发展建议

宋宪仓,杜君峰,王树青,李华军

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第6期页码 76-83 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.06.010

摘要：

海洋科学装备是知海、用海、护海的重要基础。本文从深入认知海洋、合理利用海洋、积极保护海洋、有效管控海洋四方面对我国海洋科学装备的需求进行了剖析，系统梳理了世界海洋强国在海气界面观测装备、水下移动式观测装备、海底观测网络系统等海洋科学观测平台领域的发展现状，总结了未来海洋科学装备的发展趋势；阐述了我国在海洋遥感卫星、海洋科考船、海洋深潜器、海底观测网络等海洋科学装备领域取得的进展，对标国际先进水平分析了通用技术、核心装备、集成系统等方面存在的差距与不足。研究提出了适合国情的发展建议，包括基础理论研究和关键技术突破、新型海洋科学装备研发和成果转换、海洋科学装备共享机制和综合服务平台、国际合作机制和标准体系建立，以期为海洋科学装备更好服务于国家海洋强国战略实施提供方向参考。

关键词：海洋科学装备深海观测平台海气界面观测水下移动式观测海底观测网络装备研发

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Modeling and control of a permanent magnet synchronous generator dedicated to standalone wind energy

Louar FATEH,Ouari AHMED,Omeiri AMAR,Djellad ABDELHAK,Bouras LAKHDAR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第2期页码 155-163 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0410-1

摘要： The interest for the use of renewable energies has increased, because of the increasing concerns of the environmental problems. Among renewable energies, wind energy is now widely used. Wind turbines based on an asynchronous generator with a wound rotor present the inconvenience of requiring a system of rings and brooms and a multiplier, inferring significant costs of maintenance. To limit these inconveniences, certain manufacturers developed wind turbines based on synchronous machines with large number of pairs of poles coupled directly with the turbine, avoiding using the multiplier. If the generator is equipped with permanent magnets, the system of rings and brooms is eliminated. The control of the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) can be affected with the implementation of various techniques of control. This paper presented a new approach mainly based on the control strategy of power production system based on the PMSG. In fact, a mathematical model that simulates the Matlab chain was established with the introduction of control techniques, such as direct control of the torque (DTC) to control the load side converter (LSC), the control of the speed of the turbine and the DC-bus voltage ensured by PI regulators. To show the performance of the correctors used, some simulation results of the system were presented and analyzed.

关键词： wind turbine permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) converter proportional-integral (PI) control direct control of the torque (DTC) regulation

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General modeling and optimization technique for real-world earth observation satellite scheduling

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 695-709 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0263-3

摘要： Over the last two decades, many modeling and optimization techniques have been developed for earth observation satellite (EOS) scheduling problems, but few of them show good generality to be engineered in real-world applications. This study proposes a general modeling and optimization technique for common and real-world EOS scheduling cases; it includes a decoupled framework, a general modeling method, and an easy-to-use algorithm library. In this technique, a framework that decouples the modeling, constraints, and optimization of EOS scheduling problems is built. With this framework, the EOS scheduling problems are appropriately modeled in a general manner, where the executable opportunity, another format of the well-known visible time window per EOS operation, is viewed as a selectable resource to be optimized. On this basis, 10 types of optimization algorithms, such as Tabu search and genetic algorithm, and a parallel competitive memetic algorithm, are developed. For simplified EOS scheduling problems, the proposed technique shows better performance in applicability and effectiveness than the state-of-the-art algorithms. In addition, a complicatedly constrained real-world benchmark exampled by a four-EOS Chinese commercial constellation is provided, and the technique is qualified and outperforms the in-use scheduling system by more than 50%.

关键词： earth observation satellite scheduling general technique optimization algorithm commercial constellation real-world benchmark

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基于同步波动原理的抗冲蚀弹性涂层设计

郭源君,肖华林,徐大清,李文斌

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第9期页码 60-63

摘要：

基于过流面冲蚀波纹形貌特征与流体边界层扰动波参数的对应关系，提出了实现弹性涂层边壁与边界层扰动波的同步波动，从而变边壁被动承受粒子冲击为主动回避与粒子的碰撞的抗冲蚀设计思想；分析了实现弹性涂层边壁与边界层扰动波同步波动的条件，并由此确定出弹性涂层的材料常数。

关键词：冲蚀边界层弹性边壁弹性涂层同步波动

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Equivalent circuit and characteristic simulation of a brushless electrically excited synchronous wind

Hao WANG, Fengge ZHANG, Tao GUAN, Siyang YU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第12卷第3期页码 420-426 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0439-9

摘要：

A brushless electrically excited synchronous generator (BEESG) with a hybrid rotor is a novel electrically excited synchronous generator. The BEESG proposed in this paper is composed of a conventional stator with two different sets of windings with different pole numbers, and a hybrid rotor with powerful coupling capacity. The pole number of the rotor is different from those of the stator windings. Thus, an analysis method different from that applied to conventional generators should be applied to the BEESG. In view of this problem, the equivalent circuit and electromagnetic torque expression of the BEESG are derived on the basis of electromagnetic relation of the proposed generator. The generator is simulated and tested experimentally using the established equivalent circuit model. The experimental and simulation data are then analyzed and compared. Results show the validity of the equivalent circuit model.

关键词： wind power brushless electrically excited synchronous generator hybrid rotor equivalent circuit

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Robust nonlinear control via feedback linearization and Lyapunov theory for permanent magnet synchronous

Ridha CHEIKH, Arezki MENACER, L. CHRIFI-ALAOUI, Said DRID

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第1期页码 180-191 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0537-3

摘要： In this paper, the method for the nonlinear control design of a permanent magnet synchronous generator based-wind energy conversion system (WECS) is proposed in order to obtain robustness against disturbances and harvest a maximum power from a typical stochastic wind environment. The technique overcomes both the problem of nonlinearity and the uncertainty of the parameter compared to such classical control designs based on traditional control techniques. The method is based on the differential geometric feedback linearization technique (DGT) and the Lyapunov theory. The results obtained show the effectiveness and performance of the proposed approach.

关键词： permanent magnet synchronous generator wind energy conversion system stochastic differential geometric feedback linearization maximum power point tracking Lyapunov robust control

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Observation of black carbon aerosol in Beijing, 2003

LOU Shujuan, MAO Jietai, WANG Meihua

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第3期页码 345-349 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0059-4

摘要： The objective of this study was to determine the black carbon concentration in Beijing in 2003. The aerosol properties were measured using an Aethalometer and a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) on the roof of the Physics Building of Peking University (39.99º N, 116.31º E) from July to August 2003 and from November 2003 to January 2004. The average black carbon (BC) concentrations in the summer and winter were 8.80 and 11.4 μg/m, respectively. During winter, two different cyclone cut offs were installed at the inlet of an aethalometer. The BC mass concentration in TSP, PM, and PM were obtained. The results indicated that in winter aerosol, 90% of BC exited in PM and 82.6% of BC exited in PM. The BC in PM accounted for 5.11% of the PM mass.

关键词： carbon concentration Beijing tapered element August aethalometer

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Optimization design of an interior permanent-magnet synchronous machine for a hybrid hydraulic excavator

Qi-huai CHEN,Qing-feng WANG,Tao WANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第11期页码 957-968 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500056

摘要： A hybrid power transmission system (HPTS) is a promising way to save energy in a hydraulic excavator and the electric machine is one of the key components of the system. In this paper, a design process for permanent-magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) in a hybrid hydraulic excavator (HHE) is presented based on the analysis of the working conditions and requirements of an HHE. A parameterized design approach, which combines the analytical model and the 2D finite element method (FEM), is applied to the electric machine to improve the design efficiency and accuracy. The analytical model is employed to optimize the electric machine efficiency and obtain the stator dimension and flux density distribution. The rotor is designed with the FEM to satisfy the flux requirements obtained in stator design. The rotor configuration of the PMSM employs an interior magnet structure, thus resulting in some inverse saliency, which allows for much higher values in magnetic flux density. To reduce the rotor leakage, a disconnected type silicon steel block structure is adopted. To improve the air gap flux density distribution, the trapezoid permanent magnet (PM) and centrifugal rotor structure are applied to PMSM. Demagnetization and armature reactions are also taken into consideration and calculated by the FEM. A prototype of the newly designed electric machine has been fabricated and tested on the experimental platform. The analytical design results are validated by measurements.

关键词： Analysis Design Hybrid hydraulic excavator (HHE) Finite element method (FEM) Interior permanent-magnet (PM) motor PM synchronous machine (PMSM)

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大气探测系统设计和工程建设

郑国光

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第6期页码 21-26

摘要：

文章分析了我国大气探测业务现状和大气探测技术发展趋势，阐述了我国大气探测系统设计和工程建设的基本思路和目标，介绍了即将开始建设的国家大中型建设项目——大气监测自动化系统的总体结构和建设的主要内容。文章也是对大气科学的工程化建设一文^[1]的进一步阐述。

关键词：大气探测监测自动化工程设计与建设

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促进国家对地观测体系顺利发展的思考

郭建宁

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第10期页码 47-53

摘要：

介绍了我国对地观测体系已经开展的工作；提出了改进遥感数据质量是基础，扩大数据共享是关键，开展典型应用为国民经济服务是目的的发展战略。

关键词：卫星应用遥感对地观测体系数据共享

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太阳同步卫星在轨运行温度预测

魏传锋,李运泽,袁领双,王浚,宁献文

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第2期页码 73-75

摘要：

太阳同步卫星是一种常见的卫星，对它进行实时的温度预测具有极重要的作用。文章在分析了卫星轨道外热流和平均温度的周期分布后，对其温度进行了实时预测。由于采用相邻的两圈预测下一圈的温度分布，因此可以作为卫星热故障诊断的依据，避免了误差的积累。通过飞行试验，证明该方法具有很强的可信度。

关键词：太阳同步卫星在轨温度预测

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海洋水下立体观测技术装备发展研究

马蕊,赵修涛,柳存根

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第6期页码 19-25 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.06.003

摘要：

建立水下立体观测网来获得科学、实时、全面的数据，是未来认识、开发、利用海洋的重要方向。本文分析了发展海洋水下立体观测技术装备的需求和必要性，对比了国内外相关装备的发展现状，进一步剖析我国领域发展面临的问题，研判作为海洋水下观测关键环节的传感器技术进展点。研究认为，我国海洋观测平台技术有了很大进步，但在海洋关键传感器、高精度传感器方面依然落后于世界先进水平；海洋观测的大数据与实际需求之间有所脱节，海洋传感器缺乏改进平台支撑。研究提出了支持海洋关键传感器研究成果高效转化、统筹管理国家海洋水下立体观测技术装备、建立海上仪器装备国家公共试验平台等对策建议，以期为相关领域中长期发展提供方向参照。

关键词：海洋观测海底观测网水下移动观测平台水下传感器

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中国极地大气科学观测工程

陆龙骅,卞林根

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第9期页码 72-84

摘要：

极地位于地球南北两端，是全球变化研究的关键地区，要了解全球变化，特别是全球气候变化，必须对极地有所研究。我国的南极和北极实地科学考察研究，分别始于20世纪80年代和90年代。作为国家行为，到2011年年底，组织了28次南极考察、4次北冰洋考察和8次北极陆地考察；在南北极建立了4个科学考察站，6个自动气象站；形成了以有人考察站、无人自动气象站和“雪龙”号破冰科学考察船为主体的极地科学考察研究硬件支撑体系。在此过程中初步建成了包括常规气象业务、准业务和短期考察在内的中国极地大气科学观测工程体系；该技术系统所获科学数据已在我国极地科学研究中广泛应用，并在国内外产生了重大影响。

关键词：南极北极大气科学观测工程